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颜色感知细胞靠‘社交距离’维持清晰视力,最新研究揭示关键分子机制

冲绳科学技术大学院大学(OIST)的研究团队在《自然通讯》(Nature Communications)期刊上发表成果,首次识别出调控脊椎动物视网膜中色觉细胞“锥体细胞”空间分布的分子机制——Dscamb蛋白。这一发现有助于理解视网膜如何形成精确的结构以实现清晰视觉,也为人类视网膜疾病的研究和治疗提供了新方向。

锥体细胞是负责颜色感知的感光细胞,在脊椎动物中,它们并非随机分布,而是以特定规则排列,形成被称为“锥体马赛克”的网格状图案。科学家长期以来一直不清楚是什么机制确保这些细胞之间保持精确间距。

研究团队以斑马鱼为模型,发现一种名为Dscamb的蛋白在红色锥体细胞中发挥了关键作用。该蛋白使同类细胞之间能够相互“识别”,并触发排斥反应,从而避免彼此靠得太近。正常情况下,红锥细胞会通过细丝状突起(filopodia)探测周围环境,一旦与另一红锥细胞接触,Dscamb蛋白就会引发细丝缩回,使细胞保持合适间距。而在缺乏Dscamb的突变体中,这一“自我回避”机制失效,导致红锥细胞异常聚集,破坏了正常的马赛克结构。

这项研究不仅深化了对视觉系统发育的理解,还可能为人类视网膜疾病的诊断、治疗甚至再生策略提供新思路。

AAAS
Nature communications

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颜色感知细胞靠‘社交距离’维持清晰视力,最新研究揭示关键分子机制

冲绳科学技术大学院大学(OIST)的研究团队在《自然通讯》(Nature Communications)期刊上发表成果,首次识别出调控脊椎动物视网膜中色觉细胞“锥体细胞”空间分布的分子机制——Dscamb蛋白。这一发现有助于理解视网膜如何形成精确的结构以实现清晰视觉,也为人类视网膜疾病的研究和治疗提供了新方向。

锥体细胞是负责颜色感知的感光细胞,在脊椎动物中,它们并非随机分布,而是以特定规则排列,形成被称为“锥体马赛克”的网格状图案。科学家长期以来一直不清楚是什么机制确保这些细胞之间保持精确间距。

研究团队以斑马鱼为模型,发现一种名为Dscamb的蛋白在红色锥体细胞中发挥了关键作用。该蛋白使同类细胞之间能够相互“识别”,并触发排斥反应,从而避免彼此靠得太近。正常情况下,红锥细胞会通过细丝状突起(filopodia)探测周围环境,一旦与另一红锥细胞接触,Dscamb蛋白就会引发细丝缩回,使细胞保持合适间距。而在缺乏Dscamb的突变体中,这一“自我回避”机制失效,导致红锥细胞异常聚集,破坏了正常的马赛克结构。

这项研究不仅深化了对视觉系统发育的理解,还可能为人类视网膜疾病的诊断、治疗甚至再生策略提供新思路。

AAAS
Nature communications

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