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🌺 Is the bladder 100% sterile?:
================

🔰The bladder was not originally tested because:
1️⃣ It was considered to be sterile and there were complexities regarding sample collection.
2️⃣ Culture techniques were developed for fast growing aerobic uropathogens.

Over the last couple years it has shown that a urinary microbiome exists and for most individuals it plays a protective role.
◎●━ @Biochem_Lab ━●◎•

🔰It was noticed that patients with UTI symptoms, but negative standard urine cultures, contained slow growing organisms that required different growth conditions than those in standard method.

🔰Later, An enhanced quantitative urine culture (EQUC) protocol was developed.
🔰Unlike the standard urine culture protocol, which plates 1μl urine on blood and MacConkey agar with incubation in air for 24 hours, EQUC plates a greater amount of urine (100μl) on a variety of media with incubation under diverse atmospheric conditions for 48 hours.

The development of EQUC and other enhanced culture protocols showed that
The bladder is not 100% sterile.

https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA



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🌺 Is the bladder 100% sterile?:
================

🔰The bladder was not originally tested because:
1️⃣ It was considered to be sterile and there were complexities regarding sample collection.
2️⃣ Culture techniques were developed for fast growing aerobic uropathogens.

Over the last couple years it has shown that a urinary microbiome exists and for most individuals it plays a protective role.
◎●━ @Biochem_Lab ━●◎•

🔰It was noticed that patients with UTI symptoms, but negative standard urine cultures, contained slow growing organisms that required different growth conditions than those in standard method.

🔰Later, An enhanced quantitative urine culture (EQUC) protocol was developed.
🔰Unlike the standard urine culture protocol, which plates 1μl urine on blood and MacConkey agar with incubation in air for 24 hours, EQUC plates a greater amount of urine (100μl) on a variety of media with incubation under diverse atmospheric conditions for 48 hours.

The development of EQUC and other enhanced culture protocols showed that
The bladder is not 100% sterile.

https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA

BY Clinical 🅱iochemistry


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What Is Bitcoin?

Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency that you can buy, sell and exchange directly, without an intermediary like a bank. Bitcoin’s creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, originally described the need for “an electronic payment system based on cryptographic proof instead of trust.” Each and every Bitcoin transaction that’s ever been made exists on a public ledger accessible to everyone, making transactions hard to reverse and difficult to fake. That’s by design: Core to their decentralized nature, Bitcoins aren’t backed by the government or any issuing institution, and there’s nothing to guarantee their value besides the proof baked in the heart of the system. “The reason why it’s worth money is simply because we, as people, decided it has value—same as gold,” says Anton Mozgovoy, co-founder & CEO of digital financial service company Holyheld.

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