CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF

🔆MARINE POLLUTION :

✅Marine pollution is a combination of chemicals and trash, the majority of which originates on land and is washed or blown into the ocean. This pollution harms the environment, the health of all organisms, and global economic structures.

CAUSES OF MARINE POLLUTION :

✅Sewage and pollutants flowing through sewage systems, rivers, and drains directly contribute to ocean pollution.
✅ Toxic Chemicals from Industries: Direct discharge of industrial waste into oceans.
✅ Runoff from land-based sources, including agricultural fields and urban areas, accounts for approximately 80% of marine pollution.
✅ Large Scale Oil Spills: Pollution from ships, particularly oil spills, poses a significant threat.
✅ Ocean Mining: Mining operations in the ocean for minerals like silver, gold, and copper create sulfide deposits,
affecting marine ecosystems.
✅Deoxygenation Causes: Factors like eutrophication from nutrient runoff, nitrogen deposition from fossil fuel burning, and ocean warming contribute to deoxygenation.

EFFECTS OF MARINE POLLUTION

✅Long-term exposure to toxic wastes on animals can lead to cancer, reproductive system failure, and behavioral changes in marine life.
✅Disruption to the Cycle of Coral Reefs: Oil spills can float on the water's surface, blocking sunlight and hindering photosynthesis in marine plants, impacting coral reef health.
✅ Depletion of Oxygen Content in Water: Reduced oxygen levels in water decrease the survival chances of marine animals like whales, turtles, sharks, dolphins, and penguins.
✅ Eutrophication: Excessive nutrients lead to algal blooms, depleting oxygen levels and harming aquatic ecosystems.
✅ Failure in the Reproductive System of Sea Animals: Pesticide chemicals accumulating in the fatty tissue of animals can disrupt their reproductive systems.
✅ Effect on Food Chain: Small animals ingest pollutants, passing them up the food chain to larger animals, leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification.

GLOBAL INITIATIVES

✅ The Global Programme of Action (GPA) for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities is the only global intergovernmental mechanism directly addressing the connectivity between terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine ecosystems.
✅ MARPOL Convention (1973): It covers pollution of the marine environment by ships from operational or accidental causes.
✅ The London Convention (1972): Its objective is to promote the effective control of all sources of marine pollution and to take all practicable steps to prevent pollution of the sea by the dumping of wastes and other matter.
✅ Greenpeace: It is an environmental NGO that is dedicated to conserving the oceans and marine life across the globe.

INDIAN INITIATIVES :

✅ Separate Collection & Storage: The rules also require local governments to provide separate collection, storage, and processing of plastic waste in their jurisdictions.
✅Phasing Out Single-Use Plastics: The Government has set an aggressive goal of phasing out single-use plastics by 2022.
✅ India is signatory to the MARPOL Treaty.
✅ Merchant Shipping Rules, 2009: Furthermore, the Merchant Shipping Rules, 2009, enacted under the Merchant Shipping Act, of 1958, address the prevention of marine pollution.

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6.02K viewsSep 19, 2024 at 14:24

🔆MARINE POLLUTION :

✅Marine pollution is a combination of chemicals and trash, the majority of which originates on land and is washed or blown into the ocean. This pollution harms the environment, the health of all organisms, and global economic structures.

CAUSES OF MARINE POLLUTION :

✅Sewage and pollutants flowing through sewage systems, rivers, and drains directly contribute to ocean pollution.
✅ Toxic Chemicals from Industries: Direct discharge of industrial waste into oceans.
✅ Runoff from land-based sources, including agricultural fields and urban areas, accounts for approximately 80% of marine pollution.
✅ Large Scale Oil Spills: Pollution from ships, particularly oil spills, poses a significant threat.
✅ Ocean Mining: Mining operations in the ocean for minerals like silver, gold, and copper create sulfide deposits,
affecting marine ecosystems.
✅Deoxygenation Causes: Factors like eutrophication from nutrient runoff, nitrogen deposition from fossil fuel burning, and ocean warming contribute to deoxygenation.

EFFECTS OF MARINE POLLUTION

✅Long-term exposure to toxic wastes on animals can lead to cancer, reproductive system failure, and behavioral changes in marine life.
✅Disruption to the Cycle of Coral Reefs: Oil spills can float on the water's surface, blocking sunlight and hindering photosynthesis in marine plants, impacting coral reef health.
✅ Depletion of Oxygen Content in Water: Reduced oxygen levels in water decrease the survival chances of marine animals like whales, turtles, sharks, dolphins, and penguins.
✅ Eutrophication: Excessive nutrients lead to algal blooms, depleting oxygen levels and harming aquatic ecosystems.
✅ Failure in the Reproductive System of Sea Animals: Pesticide chemicals accumulating in the fatty tissue of animals can disrupt their reproductive systems.
✅ Effect on Food Chain: Small animals ingest pollutants, passing them up the food chain to larger animals, leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification.

GLOBAL INITIATIVES

✅ The Global Programme of Action (GPA) for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities is the only global intergovernmental mechanism directly addressing the connectivity between terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine ecosystems.
✅ MARPOL Convention (1973): It covers pollution of the marine environment by ships from operational or accidental causes.
✅ The London Convention (1972): Its objective is to promote the effective control of all sources of marine pollution and to take all practicable steps to prevent pollution of the sea by the dumping of wastes and other matter.
✅ Greenpeace: It is an environmental NGO that is dedicated to conserving the oceans and marine life across the globe.

✅ Separate Collection & Storage: The rules also require local governments to provide separate collection, storage, and processing of plastic waste in their jurisdictions.
✅Phasing Out Single-Use Plastics: The Government has set an aggressive goal of phasing out single-use plastics by 2022.
✅ India is signatory to the MARPOL Treaty.
✅ Merchant Shipping Rules, 2009: Furthermore, the Merchant Shipping Rules, 2009, enacted under the Merchant Shipping Act, of 1958, address the prevention of marine pollution.

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