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🔆Coal Gasification
✅The Ministry of Coal has signed the Coal Gasification Plant Development and Production Agreement (CGPDPA) with selected applicants under Category II of the Coal Gasification Financial Incentive Scheme.
📍Coal Gasification?
✅Coal gasification is a thermo-chemical process that converts coal into syngas, a synthetic gas composed mainly of Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrogen (H₂), Carbon Dioxide (CO₂), Methane (CH₄), and Water Vapour (H₂O).
✅Coal is reacted at high temperatures (1000–1400°C) with a controlled amount of oxygen and steam, producing syngas.
📍Process of Coal Gasification
✅Preparation: Coal is finely crushed to increase surface area.
✅Gasification reactor: The powdered coal is fed into a reactor with limited oxygen/air and steam.
✅Chemical reactions: Coal breaks down into syngas components due to partial oxidation.
Gas cleaning: Impurities like tar, sulfur, and dust are removed from raw syngas.
📍Ex-situ vs In-situ Gasification
Aspect
✅Ex-situ Gasification
🔰Location: Above ground in controlled gasifiers
🔰Process :Coal is extracted and gasified in reactors
🔰Application :Suitable for shallow reserves
🔰Efficiency :More energy is used in mining and handling
📍In-situ Gasification
🔰Location: Underground, in coal seams
🔰 process: Oxygen and steam are injected into the coal seam to generate syngas underground
🔰Application: Ideal for deep or unmineable coal seams
🔰Efficiency:More energy-efficient for deeper deposits
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BY CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
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