Forwarded from Celtic Europe
The city of Karadeniz Eregli (formerly Heraclea Pontica), on the Black Sea coast of Turkey; fourth photo shows the ruins of the ancient town. 🇹🇷
Heraclea Pontica was founded as a trading colony by the Greek city-state of Megara, before eventually becoming independent. During antiquity, Heraclea had several notable conflicts with the Celts who’d settled in Anatolia. In his History of Heraclea, the Greek historian Memnon recorded how the Galatians ravaged the territory of Heraclea in the year 254 B.C; this was punishment for having opposed them when they placed Ziaelas on the throne of Bithynia. Hostilities broke out again in 250 B.C; when king Ariobarzanes of Pontus died while caught up in a dispute with the Galatians. When his young son, Mithridates II succeded him, the Celts invaded Pontus and devastated it. But Pontus held out thanks to the inhabitants of Heraclea Pontica, who’s fleet supplied the city of Amisos, and thereby the whole of Pontus, with grain. For this, the Celts again exacted a harsh revenge, ravaging Heraclea’s territory until the city sued for peace. Peace was granted upon the payment of 5,000 gold coins to the Galatian army as a whole, plus an additional 200 gold coins to each of the chieftains.
Heraclea would again be attacked by the Celts in the decade of the 190s B.C; and subjected to a long siege. However, on this occasion, they seem to have been led by an incompetent general, who left camp with most of his army in order to resupply it by plundering the surrounding countryside. The Heracleans took advantage to make a sally and score an easy victory against a meagre force left behind to guard the camp, causing the siege to be lifted. This was the last encounter between the Galatians and the Heracleans. In subsequent years, both would suffer severely at the hands of Pontus, as the latter rapidly morphed into an aggressive super-state that could only be overpowered by Rome.
Celtic Europe - channel link (please share!): https://www.tg-me.com/CelticEurope
Heraclea Pontica was founded as a trading colony by the Greek city-state of Megara, before eventually becoming independent. During antiquity, Heraclea had several notable conflicts with the Celts who’d settled in Anatolia. In his History of Heraclea, the Greek historian Memnon recorded how the Galatians ravaged the territory of Heraclea in the year 254 B.C; this was punishment for having opposed them when they placed Ziaelas on the throne of Bithynia. Hostilities broke out again in 250 B.C; when king Ariobarzanes of Pontus died while caught up in a dispute with the Galatians. When his young son, Mithridates II succeded him, the Celts invaded Pontus and devastated it. But Pontus held out thanks to the inhabitants of Heraclea Pontica, who’s fleet supplied the city of Amisos, and thereby the whole of Pontus, with grain. For this, the Celts again exacted a harsh revenge, ravaging Heraclea’s territory until the city sued for peace. Peace was granted upon the payment of 5,000 gold coins to the Galatian army as a whole, plus an additional 200 gold coins to each of the chieftains.
Heraclea would again be attacked by the Celts in the decade of the 190s B.C; and subjected to a long siege. However, on this occasion, they seem to have been led by an incompetent general, who left camp with most of his army in order to resupply it by plundering the surrounding countryside. The Heracleans took advantage to make a sally and score an easy victory against a meagre force left behind to guard the camp, causing the siege to be lifted. This was the last encounter between the Galatians and the Heracleans. In subsequent years, both would suffer severely at the hands of Pontus, as the latter rapidly morphed into an aggressive super-state that could only be overpowered by Rome.
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The city of Karadeniz Eregli (formerly Heraclea Pontica), on the Black Sea coast of Turkey; fourth photo shows the ruins of the ancient town. 🇹🇷
Heraclea Pontica was founded as a trading colony by the Greek city-state of Megara, before eventually becoming independent. During antiquity, Heraclea had several notable conflicts with the Celts who’d settled in Anatolia. In his History of Heraclea, the Greek historian Memnon recorded how the Galatians ravaged the territory of Heraclea in the year 254 B.C; this was punishment for having opposed them when they placed Ziaelas on the throne of Bithynia. Hostilities broke out again in 250 B.C; when king Ariobarzanes of Pontus died while caught up in a dispute with the Galatians. When his young son, Mithridates II succeded him, the Celts invaded Pontus and devastated it. But Pontus held out thanks to the inhabitants of Heraclea Pontica, who’s fleet supplied the city of Amisos, and thereby the whole of Pontus, with grain. For this, the Celts again exacted a harsh revenge, ravaging Heraclea’s territory until the city sued for peace. Peace was granted upon the payment of 5,000 gold coins to the Galatian army as a whole, plus an additional 200 gold coins to each of the chieftains.
Heraclea would again be attacked by the Celts in the decade of the 190s B.C; and subjected to a long siege. However, on this occasion, they seem to have been led by an incompetent general, who left camp with most of his army in order to resupply it by plundering the surrounding countryside. The Heracleans took advantage to make a sally and score an easy victory against a meagre force left behind to guard the camp, causing the siege to be lifted. This was the last encounter between the Galatians and the Heracleans. In subsequent years, both would suffer severely at the hands of Pontus, as the latter rapidly morphed into an aggressive super-state that could only be overpowered by Rome.
Celtic Europe - channel link (please share!): https://www.tg-me.com/CelticEurope
Heraclea Pontica was founded as a trading colony by the Greek city-state of Megara, before eventually becoming independent. During antiquity, Heraclea had several notable conflicts with the Celts who’d settled in Anatolia. In his History of Heraclea, the Greek historian Memnon recorded how the Galatians ravaged the territory of Heraclea in the year 254 B.C; this was punishment for having opposed them when they placed Ziaelas on the throne of Bithynia. Hostilities broke out again in 250 B.C; when king Ariobarzanes of Pontus died while caught up in a dispute with the Galatians. When his young son, Mithridates II succeded him, the Celts invaded Pontus and devastated it. But Pontus held out thanks to the inhabitants of Heraclea Pontica, who’s fleet supplied the city of Amisos, and thereby the whole of Pontus, with grain. For this, the Celts again exacted a harsh revenge, ravaging Heraclea’s territory until the city sued for peace. Peace was granted upon the payment of 5,000 gold coins to the Galatian army as a whole, plus an additional 200 gold coins to each of the chieftains.
Heraclea would again be attacked by the Celts in the decade of the 190s B.C; and subjected to a long siege. However, on this occasion, they seem to have been led by an incompetent general, who left camp with most of his army in order to resupply it by plundering the surrounding countryside. The Heracleans took advantage to make a sally and score an easy victory against a meagre force left behind to guard the camp, causing the siege to be lifted. This was the last encounter between the Galatians and the Heracleans. In subsequent years, both would suffer severely at the hands of Pontus, as the latter rapidly morphed into an aggressive super-state that could only be overpowered by Rome.
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