Basic formulas in electronics that everyone should know:
👉🏻Ohm's law: This is the fundamental relationship between electric current, voltage, and resistance. It states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it, and inversely proportional to its resistance. Mathematically, it is expressed as I = V/R, where I is the current in amperes, V is the voltage in volts, and R is the resistance in ohms.
👉🏻Kirchhoff's current law: This law states that the sum of the currents entering a junction in a circuit must be equal to the sum of the currents leaving that junction. Mathematically, it is expressed as the sum of all the currents entering a junction equals the sum of all the currents leaving that junction.
👉🏻Kirchhoff's voltage law: This law states that the sum of the voltage drops in a closed loop must equal the sum of the voltage rises in that loop. Mathematically, it is expressed as the sum of all the voltage drops around a closed loop equals the sum of all the voltage rises around that loop.
👉🏻Power formula: This formula relates the power dissipated in a circuit to the voltage and current flowing through it. It states that the power P in watts is equal to the product of the voltage V in volts and the current I in amperes. Mathematically, it is expressed as P = VI.
👉🏻Capacitance formula: This formula relates the capacitance C of a capacitor to its physical dimensions and the type of dielectric material used. It states that the capacitance is equal to the ratio of the charge Q stored on the capacitor to the voltage V across it. Mathematically, it is expressed as C = Q/V.
Basic formulas in electronics that everyone should know:
👉🏻Ohm's law: This is the fundamental relationship between electric current, voltage, and resistance. It states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it, and inversely proportional to its resistance. Mathematically, it is expressed as I = V/R, where I is the current in amperes, V is the voltage in volts, and R is the resistance in ohms.
👉🏻Kirchhoff's current law: This law states that the sum of the currents entering a junction in a circuit must be equal to the sum of the currents leaving that junction. Mathematically, it is expressed as the sum of all the currents entering a junction equals the sum of all the currents leaving that junction.
👉🏻Kirchhoff's voltage law: This law states that the sum of the voltage drops in a closed loop must equal the sum of the voltage rises in that loop. Mathematically, it is expressed as the sum of all the voltage drops around a closed loop equals the sum of all the voltage rises around that loop.
👉🏻Power formula: This formula relates the power dissipated in a circuit to the voltage and current flowing through it. It states that the power P in watts is equal to the product of the voltage V in volts and the current I in amperes. Mathematically, it is expressed as P = VI.
👉🏻Capacitance formula: This formula relates the capacitance C of a capacitor to its physical dimensions and the type of dielectric material used. It states that the capacitance is equal to the ratio of the charge Q stored on the capacitor to the voltage V across it. Mathematically, it is expressed as C = Q/V.
Telegram hopes to raise $1bn with a convertible bond private placement
The super secure UAE-based Telegram messenger service, developed by Russian-born software icon Pavel Durov, is looking to raise $1bn through a bond placement to a limited number of investors from Russia, Europe, Asia and the Middle East, the Kommersant daily reported citing unnamed sources on February 18, 2021.The issue reportedly comprises exchange bonds that could be converted into equity in the messaging service that is currently 100% owned by Durov and his brother Nikolai.Kommersant reports that the price of the conversion would be at a 10% discount to a potential IPO should it happen within five years.The minimum bond placement is said to be set at $50mn, but could be lowered to $10mn. Five-year bonds could carry an annual coupon of 7-8%.
Among the actives, Ascendas REIT sank 0.64 percent, while CapitaLand Integrated Commercial Trust plummeted 1.42 percent, City Developments plunged 1.12 percent, Dairy Farm International tumbled 0.86 percent, DBS Group skidded 0.68 percent, Genting Singapore retreated 0.67 percent, Hongkong Land climbed 1.30 percent, Mapletree Commercial Trust lost 0.47 percent, Mapletree Logistics Trust tanked 0.95 percent, Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation dropped 0.61 percent, SATS rose 0.24 percent, SembCorp Industries shed 0.54 percent, Singapore Airlines surrendered 0.79 percent, Singapore Exchange slid 0.30 percent, Singapore Press Holdings declined 1.03 percent, Singapore Technologies Engineering dipped 0.26 percent, SingTel advanced 0.81 percent, United Overseas Bank fell 0.39 percent, Wilmar International eased 0.24 percent, Yangzijiang Shipbuilding jumped 1.42 percent and Keppel Corp, Thai Beverage, CapitaLand and Comfort DelGro were unchanged.
