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和蚊子“爆了”?新药尼替西农或成控制疟疾传播的新工具

控制蚊虫数量是防控疟疾的重要手段之一。除了传统的杀虫剂和抗寄生虫药物伊维菌素外,《Science Translational Medicine》上的最新研究发现,尼替西农(nitisinone)有望成为一种通过“毒血”机制控制蚊子数量的新策略。

尼替西农原本用于治疗如黑尿酸症和酪氨酸血症1型等罕见遗传代谢疾病。该药物通过阻断人体内酪氨酸代谢过程中的关键酶4-羟基苯丙酮酸双加氧酶(HPPD)发挥作用。当蚊子吸食含有尼替西农的人体血液后,这一酶在蚊子体内也被抑制,导致其无法正常消化血液,最终快速死亡。

研究显示,尼替西农在人体中的半衰期远长于伊维菌素,意味着其杀蚊效果可在血液中持续更长时间。相比之下,伊维菌素虽然被广泛用于控制蚊虫,但存在环境毒性大和抗药性风险高的问题。尼替西农不仅能杀死所有年龄段的蚊子,还对已产生抗药性的蚊群有效。

本次研究采用了正在接受尼替西农治疗患者的血样,验证其血液对传播疟疾的主要蚊种按蚊(Anopheles gambiae)的致死作用。实验发现,服药者的血液可在短时间内杀死吸血蚊子。研究团队还对尼替西农的药代动力学进行了分析,为后续制定合适的给药剂量提供了依据。

尼替西农在控制蚊虫方面具有专一性,只对吸血昆虫有效,具有较好的环境友好性。未来该药物有望与伊维菌素交替使用,在不同区域和场景中发挥互补优势。研究团队计划在下一阶段开展半野外试验,进一步评估其在实际环境中的控制效果。

Notre Dame News
Science Translational Medicine

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和蚊子“爆了”?新药尼替西农或成控制疟疾传播的新工具

控制蚊虫数量是防控疟疾的重要手段之一。除了传统的杀虫剂和抗寄生虫药物伊维菌素外,《Science Translational Medicine》上的最新研究发现,尼替西农(nitisinone)有望成为一种通过“毒血”机制控制蚊子数量的新策略。

尼替西农原本用于治疗如黑尿酸症和酪氨酸血症1型等罕见遗传代谢疾病。该药物通过阻断人体内酪氨酸代谢过程中的关键酶4-羟基苯丙酮酸双加氧酶(HPPD)发挥作用。当蚊子吸食含有尼替西农的人体血液后,这一酶在蚊子体内也被抑制,导致其无法正常消化血液,最终快速死亡。

研究显示,尼替西农在人体中的半衰期远长于伊维菌素,意味着其杀蚊效果可在血液中持续更长时间。相比之下,伊维菌素虽然被广泛用于控制蚊虫,但存在环境毒性大和抗药性风险高的问题。尼替西农不仅能杀死所有年龄段的蚊子,还对已产生抗药性的蚊群有效。

本次研究采用了正在接受尼替西农治疗患者的血样,验证其血液对传播疟疾的主要蚊种按蚊(Anopheles gambiae)的致死作用。实验发现,服药者的血液可在短时间内杀死吸血蚊子。研究团队还对尼替西农的药代动力学进行了分析,为后续制定合适的给药剂量提供了依据。

尼替西农在控制蚊虫方面具有专一性,只对吸血昆虫有效,具有较好的环境友好性。未来该药物有望与伊维菌素交替使用,在不同区域和场景中发挥互补优势。研究团队计划在下一阶段开展半野外试验,进一步评估其在实际环境中的控制效果。

Notre Dame News
Science Translational Medicine

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