❌ A. Counter value: 20000 ✅ B. Counter value: Less than 20000 ❌ C. Counter value: More than 20000 ❌ D. Compilation error ❌ E. Runtime error ❌ F. None of the above
Explanation: This code snippet demonstrates a scenario where two threads (t1 and t2) increment a shared static variable counter. Each thread iterates 10000 times and increments the counter.
Due to the concurrent nature of multithreading, the increment operation (counter++) is not atomic. It consists of reading the current value of counter, adding 1 to it, and then writing the new value back. This introduces a race condition.
It's possible that while one thread is performing the read-modify-write operation, the other thread may perform a similar operation concurrently, causing the updates to overlap and potentially leading to lost updates.
The correct answer is option B) Counter value: Less than 20000. The exact output value can vary due to the race condition. The threads might interfere with each other's updates, causing some increments to be lost. Therefore, the output value will likely be less than 20000.
In a multithreaded scenario like this, proper synchronization mechanisms (e.g., synchronized keyword or AtomicInteger) should be used to ensure the correct behavior of shared variables.
❌ A. Counter value: 20000 ✅ B. Counter value: Less than 20000 ❌ C. Counter value: More than 20000 ❌ D. Compilation error ❌ E. Runtime error ❌ F. None of the above
Explanation: This code snippet demonstrates a scenario where two threads (t1 and t2) increment a shared static variable counter. Each thread iterates 10000 times and increments the counter.
Due to the concurrent nature of multithreading, the increment operation (counter++) is not atomic. It consists of reading the current value of counter, adding 1 to it, and then writing the new value back. This introduces a race condition.
It's possible that while one thread is performing the read-modify-write operation, the other thread may perform a similar operation concurrently, causing the updates to overlap and potentially leading to lost updates.
The correct answer is option B) Counter value: Less than 20000. The exact output value can vary due to the race condition. The threads might interfere with each other's updates, causing some increments to be lost. Therefore, the output value will likely be less than 20000.
In a multithreaded scenario like this, proper synchronization mechanisms (e.g., synchronized keyword or AtomicInteger) should be used to ensure the correct behavior of shared variables.
BY Explanations “Top Java Quiz Questions”
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Bitcoin mining is the process of adding new transactions to the Bitcoin blockchain. It’s a tough job. People who choose to mine Bitcoin use a process called proof of work, deploying computers in a race to solve mathematical puzzles that verify transactions.To entice miners to keep racing to solve the puzzles and support the overall system, the Bitcoin code rewards miners with new Bitcoins. “This is how new coins are created” and new transactions are added to the blockchain, says Okoro.
Telegram and Signal Havens for Right-Wing Extremists
Since the violent storming of Capitol Hill and subsequent ban of former U.S. President Donald Trump from Facebook and Twitter, the removal of Parler from Amazon’s servers, and the de-platforming of incendiary right-wing content, messaging services Telegram and Signal have seen a deluge of new users. In January alone, Telegram reported 90 million new accounts. Its founder, Pavel Durov, described this as “the largest digital migration in human history.” Signal reportedly doubled its user base to 40 million people and became the most downloaded app in 70 countries. The two services rely on encryption to protect the privacy of user communication, which has made them popular with protesters seeking to conceal their identities against repressive governments in places like Belarus, Hong Kong, and Iran. But the same encryption technology has also made them a favored communication tool for criminals and terrorist groups, including al Qaeda and the Islamic State.
