【构造心理学】铁钦纳
认为一切科学的对象都是经验，物理学研究的是经验，所以心理学研究的也是经验，没有经验就没有对物体的认知，没有经验也就没有世界的知识。
所以一切科学都离不开经验，各个领域以不同角度立场处理着经验。物理学研究不依赖经验者的经验【自然规则】，心理学研究的是依赖于经验者的经验【人的经历和思维过程】。
研究方法：通过训练高度集中的自我观察，准确记录观察的过程，防止外界干扰，不是报告自身的感觉感受。
三个方面：
把实际具体的心理现象分析为经验的基本元素。
确定经验的基本元素结合的定律。
结合心理现象和生理，确定其存在的因果关系。
这个不受大众欢迎，其构造主义被放弃了。
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