【构造心理学】铁钦纳
认为一切科学的对象都是经验，物理学研究的是经验，所以心理学研究的也是经验，没有经验就没有对物体的认知，没有经验也就没有世界的知识。
所以一切科学都离不开经验，各个领域以不同角度立场处理着经验。物理学研究不依赖经验者的经验【自然规则】，心理学研究的是依赖于经验者的经验【人的经历和思维过程】。
研究方法：通过训练高度集中的自我观察，准确记录观察的过程，防止外界干扰，不是报告自身的感觉感受。
三个方面：
把实际具体的心理现象分析为经验的基本元素。
确定经验的基本元素结合的定律。
结合心理现象和生理，确定其存在的因果关系。
这个不受大众欢迎，其构造主义被放弃了。
BY 心理学笔记分享
Launched in 2013, Telegram allows users to broadcast messages to a following via “channels”, or create public and private groups that are simple for others to access. Users can also send and receive large data files, including text and zip files, directly via the app.The platform said it has more than 500m active users, and topped 1bn downloads in August, according to data from SensorTower.
elegram is updating its messaging app with options for auto-deleting messages, expiring invite links, and new unlimited groups, the company shared in a blog post. Much like Signal, Telegram received a burst of new users in the confusion over WhatsApp’s privacy policy and now the company is adopting features that were already part of its competitors’ apps, features which offer more security and privacy. Auto-deleting messages were already possible in Telegram’s encrypted Secret Chats, but this new update for iOS and Android adds the option to make messages disappear in any kind of chat. Auto-delete can be enabled inside of chats, and set to delete either 24 hours or seven days after messages are sent. Auto-delete won’t remove every message though; if a message was sent before the feature was turned on, it’ll stick around. Telegram’s competitors have had similar features: WhatsApp introduced a feature in 2020 and Signal has had disappearing messages since at least 2016.
心理学笔记分享 from de